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MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Mitosis is a type of cell division with many vital functions including embryonic development, promoting tissue growth after birth, and replacing damaged or dying cells in the body. In mitosis, there is one division, and the resulting two daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes as the parental cell. These cells are called diploid cells because they contain 23 pairs of chromosomes with each pair containing one maternal and one paternal chromosome. After DNA replication, mitosis begins with prophase, during which chromatin condenses into chromosomes, each consisting of two identical sister chromatids. The nuclear envelope dissolves, and spindle fibers begin to grow from the cell's centrioles. During metaphase, the spindle fibers pull the chromosomes into alignment in the center of the cell. In anaphase, each chromosome consisting of two genetically identical chromatids splits in two. Each chromatid, now considered a single-stranded daughter chromosome, migrates to the opposite end of the cell from its twin. During telophase, nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes as the cell finishes dividing. Meiosis is a type of cell division with one purpose, to produce eggs and sperm called gametes. In meiosis, there are two divisions in succession, resulting in four daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains half the number of chromosomes of the initial parental cell. The daughter cells are called haploid cells because they contain 23 unpaired chromosomes. After DNA replication, the first cell division, or meiosis 1, begins with prophase 1, during which chromosomes condense. Late in prophase 1, chromatids in each pair break and exchange corresponding sections of DNA in a process called crossing over, thus creating new combinations of genes. During metaphase 1, homologous chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Each pair can line up randomly from left to right in a process called independent assortment. In anaphase 1, each pair of chromosomes separates, and in telophase 1, the cell divides, resulting in two haploid daughter cells. The second meiotic division, or meiosis 2, begins with prophase 2, during which the cell prepares to divide again. In metaphase 2, the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. During anaphase 2, each chromosome is pulled apart into two sister chromatids, each now considered a single-stranded chromosome. In telophase 2, the two cells divide, resulting in four haploid daughter cells. Once meiosis is complete, the male and female gametes each contain a unique set of 23 single-stranded chromosomes, ultimately resulting in the genetic variability of humans. Once these gametes meet, they become a single fertilized cell called a zygote. The zygote has 46 chromosomes, and continues to develop using mitosis. ♪ [music] ♪
"Medical Legal Art wins our firm's highest accolades for professionalism and
exhibit quality. In fact, many of the doctors I work with request color
copies of your outstanding artwork to show to patients during the informed
consent process."
Jeanne Dolan, BSRN, AlNC Legal Nurse Consultant Golden Valley, MN
"It is my experience that it's much more effective to show a jury what
happened than simply to tell a jury what happened. In this day and age where
people are used to getting information visually, through television and
other visual media, I would be at a disadvantage using only words.
I teach a Litigation Process class at the University of Baltimore Law Schooland use [Medical Legal Art's] animation in my class. Students always saythat they never really understood what happened to [to my client] until theysaw the animation.
Animations are powerful communication tools that should be used wheneverpossible to persuade juries."
Andrew G. Slutkin Snyder Slutkin & Kopec Baltimore, MD
"For us, the defining feature of effective demonstrative evidence is
whether, by itself, the piece will tell the story of the case. Medical legal
Art provides our firm with illustrations and animations that are clear and
persuasive. Their exhibits tell the story in a way that allows the jury to
understand a very complex subject, very quickly."
James D. Horwitz Koskoff, Koskoff & Bieder, P.C. Bridgeport, CT
"Our firm was able to settle our case at an all day mediation yesterday and
I am confident that the detail and overall appearance of the medical
illustrations significantly contributed to the settlement. When we require
medical illustrations in the future, I will be sure to contact [MLA]."
Noel Turner, III
Burts, Turner, Rhodes & Thompson
Spartanburg, SC
Medical Legal Art creates medical demonstrative evidence (medical
illustrations, drawings, pictures, graphics, charts, medical animations,
anatomical models, and interactive presentations) for use during legal
proceedings, including research, demand letters, client conferences,
depositions, arbitrations, mediations, settlement conferences, mock jury
trials and for use in the courtroom. We do not provide legal or medical
advice. If you have legal questions, you should find a lawyer with whom you
can discuss your case issues. If you have medical questions, you should seek the advice of a healthcare provider.
